Sculpture is a form of visual art, creating three-dimensional images using materials and techniques. Early sculpture primarily used carving (shaping by subtracting material) and modeling (shaping by layering material) on materials such as stone, metal, wood, and ceramics. However, modern sculpture offers a high degree of freedom in materials and techniques, utilizing carving, welding, molding, or casting on a wide variety of materials.
Classification by Form
- Generally, sculptures are divided into: round sculpture, relief sculpture, and openwork sculpture.
- Round-sculpture: A three-dimensional image carved on a surface without any background, allowing for viewing from various angles.
- Emboss: A raised image carved on a flat surface. Depending on the thickness of the raised surface, it is divided into high relief and low relief.
- Penetrating: A carved image with the background removed from a relief. It is a sculptural technique between round and relief sculpture. Some are carved on one side, and some are carved on both sides.
